Three-Dimensional Isothermal Ion Acoustic Shock Waves in Ultra-Relativistic Degenerate Electron–Positron–Ion Magnetoplasmas

positrons as well as the chemical potentials in the basic features of three-dimensional
isothermal ion acoustic shock waves (IIASWs) propagating in magnetized electron–positron–
ion (e–p–i) plasmas are studied. The cold ions are considered to be magnetized and inertial,
while the small particles (ie, electrons and positrons) are taken to obey the Fermi–Dirac
statistics. The well-known reductive perturbation analysis is applied to obtain the nonlinear