Synthesis and characterization of novel friendly biosorbents and it uses for removal of crystal violet dye from wastewater

Thiourea formaldehyde calcium alginate (TFCA) composite was successfully synthesized and used for removal of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) dye. The synthesized composite was applied and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) spectra, scanning electron microscope (SEM)/EDS, energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). SEM and EDX analyses confirm the homogeneity of the sorbent in term of composition. Batch adsorption experiments were performed to evaluate the adsorption conditions such as pH value, dye concentration, contact time, temperature, and sorbent dose, as well as the ionic strength effect. Experimental data have been modeled by using Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin Radushkevich (D–R), and Temkin isotherms. Kinetic adsorption data modeled using PFORE, PSORE, Morris Weber, and Elovich in order to determine thermodynamic