Effects of Heavy Metals and Pathogenic Bacteria on the Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Immune Response of Clarias gariepinus in Egypt

The aim of this study was to measure chemical, bacteriological, and biochemical changes of fish to determine the pollutants level and their effects on Clarias gariepinus (catfish) quality. The study was applied on samples at Shatta (site1) and Lake El-Burullus (site 2). The obtained results revealed that (site1) had greater concentrations of heavy metals. Moreover, the antioxidant parameters revealed noticed increase in MDA in fish samples from both sites, reduced levels of SOD, catalase, glutathione reductase and TAO in fish samples from (site1). These results showed that antioxidant enzymes can be used as biomarkers of heavy metals pollution.